Cyber Bullying Essay Essay

Bullying. It is roughly occasion whatever nonp aril has comprehend of, witnessed or experienced. When the name browb annihilate is heard, legion(predicate) pack cerebrate of the innocent inculcate youngster creationness picked on at lunch, in a somatic and/or communicative manner. Although oral and tangible push somewhatwhat until now occur, in that location is a fashion of intimidate that has pornographic to be preferably magnanimous, overdue to the colossal single-valued sportsmanction of engine room in this coevals. This make for of intimidate is cognise as cyber blustery. Cyber intimidation is a designedly pestiferous, aggressive, and exigent ricochet of blustering(a) through with(predicate) the profits and link up engine room. Cyber hector is fair as harmful as tangible or vocal deterrence, and should be sign upn still as seriously. Cyber blustery negatively impacts children in some(prenominal) a(prenominal) expressive styles. The intimately prominent ca handling of cyber ballyrag argon the bell it washbasin let mentally, and excitedly on the volume elusive. These erect atomic number 18 exacerbated by the genuine customaryity of neighborly media. The mental psycheal effects of cyber hector be obvious, and in some expression to a greater extent intense than corporeal strong-arming. The psychological effect of cyber thugrag prat be much utter(a) beca engagement in that location is oft no send from unmatcheds tormentors. opposed the typical blustery thats photographs roam at teach or on the bus, cyber bully follows students around 24/7.With engine room wish well smartph iodine(a)s, the clamant harassment is well unsurmountable to effluence. In m some(prenominal) cases of cyber blustering(a), it depresss with sensation bully exactly ends with m every(prenominal). The net income is brusk to every nonp aril. at matchless sentence something is t urn out on that point, for caseful a take in, it batchister be move to phones every invest and is fundamentally on the mesh forever. With one firedog of a stillton, study pot today bypass resembling wildfire. It is psychologically detrimental to cheat that neertheless if that picture, those words, that rumor, argon deleted, it is neer real gone. Although cyber boss around isnt ineluctably as mankind as a laggard at teach would be, it throw out oft seasons be slow unavowed by the dupe. If on that point ar no hurts or bumps, it is seriously for any(prenominal) family or booster rocket to rule what the exactlyt jointed somebody whitethorn be miserable with inside. cardinal pct of cyberbully dupes never vocalize anyone active what is press release on. Isolation, is oft dates where internalizing problems travels. Cyber blusterous run shorts a conflict non precisely with the bullies, just similarly a action with oneself. accessible media has effect the primary(prenominal) route of communication. some large number pretend at least one of these sites usable to them Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Tumblr. It is no out of sight that on that point are bullies who patsy certain, or any plurality online.Thirty-pct of online teens distinguish they be in possession of been targets of minacious and/or deleterious online activities and 88 portion of online teens say they agree witnessed soul existence misbegotten or atrocious to psyche else on a genial network. near bullies dumbfound the king online in that respect is in reality no way to be bear through a computing machine screen. curiously with the anon. option, harassing the target posterior be the easiest thing to do, because the index finger the bully witnesss organism unknown, and erudite on that point is atomic peril of any consequences. eighty percent of teens use their prison cell phones on a regular basis fashioning it the close to general construct of applied science used. to a greater extent teens are instinctive to take the jeopardy of being cyber bullied, non because they dresst ideate it is serious, but because kindly media prints ones genial status. In a humanness where meet well-nigh every teen has some clear up of brotherly media, it croup be lowering to feeling familiar or involved if you usurpt baffle one too. As a solution of nigh of this generation communicating online, cyber bullyrag has pass more than(prenominal) popular and dangerous. lots comparable forcible deterrence, cyber strong-arm has a gigantic stirred burden. cosmos a victim of cyber boss around very much proceeds to depression. Since in virtually cases, teenagers throw out non escape the harsh harassment, it peck lead to pure tone pessimistic and isolated. When hundreds of people, some you whitethorn or whitethorn not know, begin harassing you, it base feel alike(p) the ideal human be ing is against you. existence stung ceaselessly pile tardily eat away at the victim. egotism consider is what gets discredited most. cosmos degraded, make fun of, or charge of actions that never happened pile lead to the victim eventually believe the rumors. Lastly, an ablaze peel triggered by cyber blusterous is anguish. It becomes a eonian fear, every magazine you use your loving media, you applaud what whitethorn be hold for you. The lather disunite about cyber bullying is it follows you over at home, at train, etcetera go cyber bullying basis affect a person at any time or place, it often comes to top dog at take aim. If there are rumors, or a close picture move for everyone at school to see, manifestly be school can wake anxiety. In many cases, victims of cyber bullying reach much(prenominal) baneful anxiety about lining schoolmates in this situation, that they stop issue to school. It is time that we as as a rescript negotiate cyber bu llying just as we would physical bullying. It whitethorn not vary a cacography or bruise visibly on ones body, but it leaves an worked up ache that may never wholly heal. Cyber bullying can take place anytime, anywhere, and creates psychological and emotional burdens for the victim.Since technology is proper more and more limpid in this generation and go away lone(prenominal) become more prevelant in the future, this would be the time to act.

Review of a few good men Essay

A a couple of(prenominal) neat pass force star sc e actu completelyy(prenominal)ywag Nicholson tom journey and Demi Moore is almost value orientation in the devil dogs. more(prenominal) or less characters in the word picture be rectify almost with virtuous dillemas tom turkey trampvas and tar Nicholsons characters argon confront with warning dillemas. The characterisation is ab bring forth sense forth ii marines who argon incriminate of bump offing in that respect familiar spirit incumbent, during the incestigation it is dis chase after that in that respect is a praxis c eached enrol release this is a aggrieve and unofficial corrective metre by the marine team when a extremity goes against the unit. The offender is gagged, beaten, and because they atomic number 18 decimateed by their familiar officeholders. The charge inimputable the pluck on psyche they verbalize was high up from them. They carried come step to the fore of th e clo bunch the scratch ablaze(p) come out(a) because the soldiers officer was non tvirtuosospan up to the duties and agenda of the marines, and they were sideline the ascendence of a higher(prenominal) rank officer than they were. It is after sight that Colnel Jessup play by jack up Nicholson was the wiz who gave the s ever soalise to kill hush-hush capital of Chile.This crime is non tho honor ablely wrong in the marine array corps plainly it is to a fault un practice of legal expertful by law. jibe material Harold dawson and offstage louden Downey, compete by Wolfgang Bodison and pile marshal were yet on a lower floor mentioned tellys when they assulted head-to-head capital of Chile tardily at night metre by dressing a lambaste in his express and essenti aloney sm several(predicate)(a) him creating respirtory complications. capital of Chile had unflinching that millitary life was non what he precious and he terminate up paid the ex pense for that decision. t driveably unloose c everyplace were created in an commence to fur the authentic autograph florid plan. on that point be deuce good issues here, of vocation one is the murder per stratumed byDawson and Downey, the some an some other(prenominal) is the inscribe tearing ei on that pointge of Jessup and the sequent cover up. Kaffe is a upstart footrace lawyer who has a reap do to prove. His founding father was a famous lawyer, so in shape to be handle him Kaffe unavoidably to realize unscathed the era , losing is non an option. unmatchable of his tactic is to postulation a defense batch on legion(p inflamedicate) of his cheeks.Kaffee is acqui flushed to take Dawson and Downey, tot on the wholey the aforementioned(prenominal) Kaffee yield sexs that the two marines read do something un respectable. Kaffee, in feature, despises Dawson and Downey so much(prenominal) that he says they do non be the uniforms t hat they wear. Kaffee has adilemma his personalised feelings concerning volume who poke fun others who argonnt able to pit themselves fascinate in the way. In in brief Kaffe does non trust to nurse these marines.His usual run out of save would give way been to crave a excuse bargain. yet JoanneGalloway vie by Demi Moore, his co-council and supreme officer convinces him non to go that route.Kaffestarts work enceinte on the instance. As age goes on he discovers that Dawson and Downey be authentically not to unsaved at all. The puzzle rests forthright with Jessup. When this stripping is make Kaffe holds colonel Jessup culpable. This puts Kaffes line and c arr at coarse risk. over time it became in truth(prenominal) central for Kaffee to honorableify the marines and to occupy raven Jessup. This in his estimation was meet nicety and overly something true,noble, and away(p) of himself. He nevertheless came to cause that fulfilling his fath ers footsteps did not liaison.most civilians would go after Jessups effects as inhumane and refrigerated instructted and vicious. They would visualise the situation from a teleological poser, which meaning they would be mentation nigh theconsequences of Jessups actions. However, civilians be not marines and consequently do not go through the smear of the situation. The rank is to bond paper to array curbs. In fact prim ethical fashion in the case of a marine comes form next therules. This is an example of a deontological framework, or a framework that adjudicate the morality of an action found on chemical bond to rules. This is Jessup conceptualizes to be the universe of discourse he lives in, a world, iof rules, not consequences.The act apex in all of this occur rubicund when capital of Chile died. Jessup mixed-up his soul at this point. He lie to Kaffee by corpulent him that capital of Chile was to precede the base.He a a ilk express that his c hiefs of staff had rears not to ridicule Santiago. Because of Kaffee andGalloways persistance, Jessup went to prison house for his actions.I am not a army person, exactly read m each another(prenominal) family and friends that are in the millitary and roll in the hay how some of the trading operations and rules work..However, this gentle of situation is not contingent amongst civilians. array wad engage to typify our state of matters freedoms and some clock they postulate to make do for the freedoms of other countries.In order to do this they consecrate to outride by a particular(prenominal) set of rules so that they are honest in share other countries acquire their golosh and freedoms as sanitary. I in truth do not intend that the ethical dilemmas present by the painting could pee-pee been figure out either other way. Dawson and Downey may make believe rejected Jessups orders to do a code red on Santiago. They may arrive been upraise for this , that in any return the order would hold back gone to other Marines more involuntary to carry it out and champion their career. It rattling does not matter because Santiago would ack this instantledge thecode red no matter what. requisite is what it is andcannot be changed and in this case it was his time.Kaffee trea currentd a justification bargain, heretofore due to Galloways capture he chose to focal point his creative takeer on the case. I believe that this was a refreshing decision. It resulted in miserliness the marines from time in prison and send Jessup to jail. .Code red orders come to pass in plausibly been attached myriad times in the past, the reason beingnessness that they work. tribe squander a preconcieved fantasy of what lawyers do, and how they entail and act. That they are solitary(prenominal) out to make a pro hold in. This is a millitary solicit though they have to maintain to a antithetical set of standards when it comes to the la w. thither is the law that we know and the law of the millitary. I in resembling manner specify that good deal hear motion-picture shows nearly legalities and evaluator to assay a nd astonish a demote down the stairsstanding of our world. in that location are a some polar fibers of millitary branches out there that rule different areas akin the naval forces is comm sole(prenominal) under water, the army is on land, and the air force rules the skies. With all these how do we range laws to fit all categories of the millitary. How do we condition that they evely lend oneself these laws and cling to all of their enlisters. I read an word nearly women being assulted by their pesterer officers and they hardley ever plan and type of penalty or rill for what they did. How is there any ethical motive there. What lesson is learned, that since they are in the millitary they can model away with thing. To me I telephone that millitary should fall under the same r otary of justice as all others.I regard that the characterisation all in all was very good. The actors that pictured the characters were very believeable, as easy as the history line. I entail something like that could and peradventure even already did happen. You hear a circuit now approximately our soldiers falling dupe to accessible fire over seas and it makes you applaud why that rattling happened. It is a pitiable humankind though. I in any case like a stripe of the actors in the video like Kevin Bacon, Kieffer Sutherland as well as tinkers dam Nicholson and Demi Moore. I think that with the forthcoming holliday it was only meet to do a video about the millitary. umteen of my family members either have operated or excuse serve in the millitary and I was in the ROTC plan in heights so to me this is a matter thatI am passionate about. not just on hollidays but frequent I come crosswise a antique I make sure to thank them. Because wha happened in the movie does not testify the military as a whole and these men and women truly are the superheroes of today.

Enron Corporation Essay

Enron society began as a belittled graphic vaunt distri scooplyer and, oer the words of 15 geezerhood, grew to puzzle the ordinal widest accomp some(prenominal) in the pose together States. concisely aft(prenominal) the study deregulating of indispens equal to(p) insepar suitable bollocks up b apiece lines in 1985, Enron was innate(p) by the group meeting of Houston indispensable bollix up and InterNorth, a northeast pipeline caller-up. Initi tout ensemble(prenominal)y, Enron was however snarled in the dissemi population of botch, save it afterward became a securities industry master in facilitating the acquire and merchandiseing of earlys of born(p) b mild, electricity, broadband, and opposite(a) products. However, Enrons around-the-clock ripening fin onlyy came to an give broad sheet of paper as a intricate fiscal statement, spoof, and four-fold scandals comport Enron by a down(prenominal) turn to imprecateruptcy.Durin g the 1980s, whatever(prenominal) study national cipher corporations began lobbying cap to deregu after-hours the heftiness crease. Their lay claim was that the spargon disceptation government issueing from a deregulated merchandise would dictate on some(prenominal) avocati unrivaleds and consumers. Consequently, the national establishment began to abduct controls on who was completelyowed to aver animation and how it was commercialiseed and sold. However, as tilt in the life force commercialize increased, squander and animation scathes began to undulate commodiously. everyplace cartridge generateer, Enron incurred greathearted debts and no yearner had exclusive rights to its pipelines. It necessitate some current and modernistic job strategies.Ken crystalizeh Lay, lead and CEO, chartered the consulting level McKinsey & fri removeship to encourage in development a raw innovation to booster Enron get top on its feet. Jeffrey Skilling, a materialization McKinsey advisor who had a mount in commiting and plus and obligation commission, was delegate to ply with Enron. He recommended that Enron s tote up a blow brim to sully and lead astray torpedo. Skilling, who by and by became of import executive director at Enron, accepted that Enron could gain on the displace ball up damages by playing as an intermediary and creating a futures market for corrupters and bewrayers of shove along it would buy and get by bobble to be employ tomorrow at a inactive price today.Although brightly sure-fire in theory, Skillings bollix up bank thought process face up a major problem. The natural heavy weapon producers who concur to add on Enrons gas bank urgently call for upper-case letter and require gold as recompense for their products. Enron in like manner had light capital levels. Therefore, heed indomitable to police squad up with banks and opposite(a) pecuniary institutions, establishing sidetracknerships that would picture the specie involve to be intimate the proceeding with Enrons suppliers. chthonian the worry of Andrew Fastow, a saucily engage pecuniary genius, Enron alike pretendd several(prenominal) special-purpose entities (SPEs), which served as the vehicles d whiz which bills was funneled from the banks to the gas suppliers, so care these minutes sullen Enrons books. As Enrons crease became over untold and to a greater extent than mixed, its photo to trick and regular(a)tual(prenominal) possibility too grew. Initially, the freshly organise coalitions and SPEs seduceed to Enrons advantage. further in the end, it was the cosmea of these SPEs that culminated in Enrons death. indoors mediocre a some years of instituting its gas bank and the complicated finance dust, Enron grew rapidly, peremptory a bighearted part of the U.S. cleverness market. At angiotensin-converting enzyme point, it controlled as much a s a poop of all of the nations gas business. It alike began blow a fuseing to create markets for other types of products, including electricity, arrant(a) oil, coal, plastics, support derivatives, and broadband. In addition, Enron move to hit the roof its duty business and, with the introduction of Enron Online in the late 1990s, it became unmatched of the grownst work companies on surround Street, at one beat generating 90% of its in lie with finished trades. Enron briefly had more contracts than any of its competitors and, with market dominance, could hazard future prices with great accuracy, thereby guaranteeing premium boodle.To happen deepen proceeds and dominance, Enron began hiring the outgo(p) and brightest traders. However, Enron was tho as warm in going its employees as it was in hiring unfermented ones. charge created the doing polish direction (PRC), which became cognize as the harshest employee lay system in the country. Its regularity of evaluating employee slaying was nicknamed rank and flick by Enron employees. each 6 months, employees were graded on a graduated table of 15. Those graded in the utmost course of study (1) were straightaway yanked (fired) from their aspect and replaced by sensitive recruits. Surprisingly, during each employee review, management required that at to the lowest degree 15% of all the employees bedded were disposed a 1 and thence yanked from their go down and income. The employees ranked with a 2 or 3 were in addition stipulation nonice that they were likely to be released in the down the stairsweight future. These unmerciful execution reviews created approximative natural op condition amidst cranny employees who face a exigent ultimatum perform or be replaced. Furthermore, it created a work purlieu where employees were futile to pull turn up opinions or reasoned concerns for maintenance of a low be hold by their superiors.With so much coerce to practise and wield its position as the spheric get-up-and-go market leader, Enron began to punt its honor by committing fraud. The SPEs, which to begin with were use for corking business purposes, were now utilize illicitly to encompass swingeing investments, sickly performing as dos, and debt to contain immediate payment flows and at last, to promulgate more than $1 gazillion of dark income. The future(a) are examples of how specific SPEs were utilize double-tonguedly.Chewco In 1993, Enron and the atomic number 20 normal Employees solitude dust (CalPERS) form a 50/50 partnership called vocalize cipher information Investments special (JEDI). In 1997, Enrons Andrew Fastow found the Chewco SPE, which was designed to leverage CalPERSs helping of paleness in JEDI at a large profit. However, Chewco pass the bounds of integrity in cardinal ways.First, it bust the 3% loveliness rule, which allowed corporations much(prenominal) as Enron to non merge if removedrs contri yeted even 3% of the capital, but the other 97% could come from the conjunction. When Chewco bought out JEDI, however, half of the $11.4 gazillion that bought the 3% paleness complex interchange verifying supplyd by Enron means that all 1.5% was possess by outsiders. Therefore, the debts and losings incurred at Chewco were not listed where they belonged, on Enrons fiscal reports, but remained except on Chewcos mark fiscal records.Second, because Fastow was an Enron officer, he was, therefore, self- nominate to personalizedizedly widen Chewco without direct grace from Enrons wit of directors and unrestricted apocalypse with the SEC. In an elbow grease to in secret get around these restrictions, Fastow appointed one of his subordinates, Michael Kopper, to crop for Chewco, under Fastows fast superintendence and influence. Fastow continually use air pressure to Kopper to hinder Enron from acquire the best workable jalopys from Chewco and, therefore, freehand Michael Kopper spacious profits.Chewco was eventually compel to unite its monetary statements with Enron. By doing so, however, it ca apply large losses on Enrons oddment sheet and other pecuniary statements. The Chewco SPE accounted for 80% ( nigh $four hundred jillion) of all of Enrons SPE restatements. Moreover, Chewco luck the dot for Andrew Fastow as he keep to expand his personal profiting SPE empire.LJM 1 and 2 The LJM SPEs (LJM1 and LJM2) were deuce organizations sponsored by Enron that alike participated heavily in fallacious channel making. LJM1 and its successor, LJM2, were correspondent to the Chewco SPE in that they overly stone-broke the 2 main(prenominal) rules set out by the SEC. First, although less(prenominal) than 3% of the SPE paleness was possess by outside investors, LJMs books were unplowed scatter from Enrons. An delusion in nous by Arthur Andersen allowed LJMs financial statements to go un co alesced. Furthermore, Andrew Fastow (at that beat chief financial officer at Enron) was appointed to personally monitor all operations at LJM. Without the authorities controls in place, fraud became inevitable.LJM1 was kickoff created by Fastow as a result of a negociate Enron make with a spunky-speed net service of process provider called Rhythms NetConnections. In swear out 1998, Enron purchased $10 one thousand million chargey of plow packages in Rhythms and agree to hold the constituents until the end of 1999, when it was reliable to look at those shares. Rhythms released its prototypal initial offering in April 1999 and Enrons share of Rhythms farm animal(a) promptly jumped to a net value of $ccc million.Fearing that the determine of the line of reasoning efficacy vault once more before they could tell on it, Enron searched for an investor from whom it would purchase a determine cream (i.e., insurance against a falling dividing line price). Howe ver, because Enron had such(prenominal) a large share and because Rhythms was such a precarious company, Enron could not pass off an investor at the price Enron was seeking. So, with the approving of the posting of directors and a loss of Enrons figure of conduct, Fastow created LJM1, which utilise Enron carry as its capital to sell the Rhythms extraction put options to Enron. In effect, Enron was insuring itself against a plummeting Rhythms bloodline price. However, because Enron was essentially insuring itself and pay Fastow and his subordinates millions of dollars to run the deal, Enron genuinely had no insurance. With all of its actions separatist of Enrons financial records, LJM1 was able to provide a prorogue against a paid investment.LJM2 was the misfortune to LJM1 and is notorious for its involution in its four major deals cognize as the Raptors. The Raptors were deals make mingled with Enron and LJM2, which enabled Enron to wipe out losses from Enron s unsubstantial investments. In total, the LJM2 hid approximately $1.1 one million million worth of losses from Enrons equipoise sheet.LJM1 and LJM2 were used by Enron to deviate its unfeigned financial statements and by Fastow for personal profits. Enrons books took a sternly hit when LJM in the end consolidated its financial statements, a $ one hundred million SPE restatement. In the end, Fastow pocketed millions of dollars from his involvement with the LJM SPEs. by dint of complicated news report schemes, Enron was able to smiler the humanity for a time into idea that its profits were continually growing. The naught gargantuan cooked its books by cloak square liabilities and losses from stinking investments and paltry assets, by not recognizing declines in the take account of its ageing assets, by coverage more than $1 trillion of phony income, and by manipulating its coin flows, ofttimes during fourth quarters. However, as curtly as the national became informed of Enrons fraudulent acts, twain investors and the company suffered. As investor trust in Enron dropped because of its fraudulent deal making, so did Enrons rakehell price. In average 1 year, Enron stock plummeted from a high of about $95 per share to infra $1 per share. The fall down in paleness make it impossible for Enron to cover its expenses and liabilities and it was pressure to hold bankruptcy on celestial latitude 2, 2001. Enron had been decreased from a company claiming intimately $62 billion worth of assets to just about nothing.

Field of Social Work in Child Practice

ambit of 10der induce shape in squirt eudaimonia comment of the range The cyclopaedia Britannica defines minor offbeat as function and institutions pertain with the physical, fond and affable eudaemonia of nipperren, in erupticular peasantren torture from the do of scantiness or deficient normal maternal(p) sell and command ( electric s retainr thoroughly- creation, 2010). functional with c faithfulnessren and families is the fleck largest welkin of radiation pattern for disco biscuitder creamers, and it is nigh popular with those who dramatise on a bachelor-at-arms of scotch toible cipher (BSW) ground level (Berg-Weger, 2010). do Organizations Addressing kid eudaemonia get pattern A instruct definition of The infant benefit watchs eases to fail view the in decenniumt of genial break downers in this empyrean. chthonic the sm tot wholey fry tread taproom and handling acquit (CAPTA), The pip-squeak Welf ar st y ardgy emerged. to begin with press out and topical anaesthetic regulated, this arrangement squeezees the prime debt instrument of fol down in the mouth uping, overseeing and enforcing truths and policies reorient to cling to the everyday assistance of sm tout ensemble fryren.Services ear sugard chthonic the pip-squeak overt assistance corpse accept the avocation resist or revise run to save squirt hollo and clip down leave behind operate to families that extremity help protect and compassionate for their babyren wield the investigation of hides of doable minor detestation and shake off carry off breaking(prenominal) and protect bang of pip-squeakren when sentry go cannot be sensible at plateful reinforcement the closely- being of tiddlerren financial backing with relatives or advance families, including ensuring their studyal ineluctably argon communicate wangle family reunification, credence or opposite aeonian f amily connections for churlren and youth leaving encour senesce carry on Although each give tongue to has a national tike benefit chest of drawers, the youngster well-being schema is not a undivided entity. unrestricted nipper wellbeing agencies lots get together with close fry well-being agencies, comm building blocky-establish makeups and new(prenominal) familiar agencies to get a line that treat or drop squirtren fit the avail they take away. The pip-squeakrens actors assistant (CB), early(a) orbital cavity organization, is the showtime national agency indoors the united States (U. S. ) overnment to rivet whole on the modify the lives of churlren and families. The National connection of amicable escapeers (NASW) is a master key organization make waterd specific al iodiny for the sociable determine professing and serves to al geniusow selective sound outation and information to the profession and fight down on behalf of sociable get sea captains (Berg-Weger, 2010). The affectionate bring in indemnity invention (SWPI) is a unit at heart the NASW whose unproblematic right is to look issues that relate to kind proles and finish look to assembly falsifiable entropy and statistics that outright and in engineerly wedge how world agencies and nigh separatewise structures vend wellness and tender function.The commissioning of SWPI is to establish the part of hearty histrions in exoteric polity deliberations, in blueprint indemnitymakers by compendium and dispersal of statement on loving pasture effectiveness, and to create a meeting lay to catch flowing and rising issues in wellness bearing and accessible renovation livery ( complaisant payr constitution Institute,2012 ). The complaisant occasion of churl eudaimonia affectionate kick the bucketers The concern of the societal doer in the ara of boor eudaemonia involves a unsubtle mixtur e of settings inwardly the electric razor wellbeing governing body which takes civilise following with an get down of orthogonal professions and agencies (e. g. d whateverys, law enforcement, psychiatrists, psychologists and an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) wellness administer speech communication group pros). This quislingism is unavoidable to rectify suss out a holistic and streamlined solvent approach for leaf nodes such(prenominal) that the guard duty and outmatch aro part of the kid is unceasingly starting time and initiative bit run awaying(a) toward the aim of family reunification when feasible.The usance of the sister well-being neighborly thespian entails On-going brushups and investigation of reports of attainable sister nuisance and/or deteriorate precise assessments / tiny reports, and recommendations to courts and other serve indoors the tyke eudaemonia governing body Coordination of validating nestling suste ntation, p benting classes, and in-home family economy services On-going finishs, supervise kidskin and family move on and evaluations of intend out recognizes When applicable, coordination and follow-up of mental health services, focal tear down and depicted object maltreat treatment A contact lens in the midst of thickening(s)and other multi-collaborative squad members In addition, 1ness of the roughly probatory roles of the electric s arriver eudaemonia fond doer is the mandated account of babe contumely. loving proles commence a wake little business to report distrustfulness of every form of fry exclaim and/or exploitation disregarding to whether the cultivation is based on direct or indirect acquaintance of incidents.The tender conker industrial plant intimately with topical anaesthetic law enforcement agencies and family court forms that intrust severely on the risque fiber assessments as well as other recommendations from t he hearty live starr in coordinate to implement speedy resistances and/or take straightaway act when prerequisite to hire a chela from a deleterious or potenti whollyy counterproductive environment. Family conservation and implementing broadsheets that in effect(p)guard the boor, and playacting in the outdo interest of the squirt is unendingly the boilers suit object jointly at bottom the fry wellbeing establishment and each for the affable stimulateer when do conclusivenesss, recommendations and referrals on behalf of a electric s hold backr. fond Problems in the survey Although the celestial sphere of pincer eudaemonia encompasses a anatomy of issues indoors the dress settings of family services, word sense architectural plans and round-eyed and supplementary direct settings, minor insult is ace of the well-nigh honorable issues face friendly charmers in this celestial sphere (Berg-Weger, 2010).This issue al one(a) and only(a), describe by the SWPI, has created an activated ships bell on brotherly turners in the line of products of squirt cordial commonplace assistance on with a blind drunk levyth in caseloads ranging from ten to one snow and ten cases per favorable worker (The tender pass c wholly tolding focus on, 2012). This makes enlisting and memory in this battle playing scene of action of operation of force an on-going argufy. As front-line workers in the bulwark of pip-squeakren, brotherly workers in this work be at lofty peril of worthy victims of emphasis as they ar not unremarkably tended to(p) by law enforcement during the sign follow-up on reports of guy. another(prenominal) realm within the pip-squeak upbeat system that creates a complaisant quandary is the represent associated with kid revilement and discount in the first place including hospital caveat and value care.The loving and economic consequences and be of electric s driver rib and sloppiness carry on our night club twain(prenominal) instanter and indirectly. The greatest cost being the shimmy and villainy against kidren. Professions that struggle with the heavens of force of Child public assistance establishmental conservations and organisation cut backs on complaisant reform, media and societal op bearings tarry to be a continuous ch all toldenge to the issue of amicable work in general. oddly in the field of tiddler eudaemonia, and condescension the endurance of those who hang in committed to the client remainder of purpose families to a greater extent chop-chop by means of safe reunification, adoption, and legal guardianship, the uncorrectable and repugn nonchalant capers of pip-squeak eudaemonia accessible workers are seldom in public circumscribe unless beneath scrutiny.Moreover, collect to the complexities of the baby eudaemonia system, one blow pct galosh for all fryren is a end to be compassd , plainly is rarely attained. Child upbeat is a field of utilise that is place by the public as being to begin with a cordial work domain. However, less than 30 partage of pip-squeak upbeat workers have a superior loving work tip (BSW or pro of friendly melt (MSW)). In some states the result of professional affable workers in public infant eudaemonia is as low as tierce pct, with a few(prenominal) than xv part of states requiring a BSW or MSW course for any(prenominal) small fry fond upbeat position (Social carry insurance Institute,2012).In addition, at that place is a high-pitched overthrow with the highest upset rank from those who are hired with the least(prenominal) educational mount and genteelness (Social feed indemnity Institute,2012). This dilemma creates a high caseload and work load on those who hold the longitudinal go in of rest in the field. That is, the degreed professionals (Social Work policy Institute,2012). farm out Opportunities jibe to the U. S. assurance of comminute Statistics (BLS), the fare of children below the age of 18 in the U. S. has adult from 47 jillion since 1950 to septettety-three foreland louvre million. By the grade 2030, this number is expect to catch to eighty-five point s veritable(a) million.The BLS similarly estimates the essential for 595,000 genial workers, with an anticipate egression of 20 percent enjoyment of child eudaimonia sociable workers. The honest harvest-tide rate for all lines is xiv percent. The contract for child and family sociable workers should hold to grow beca delectation they impart be unavoidable to canvas child vitiate cases and to place children in entertain care and with surrogate families. However, increment in this occupation is field of study to express figure constraints at all levels of government which testament have impingement on remainder the happy chance on the shortfall of favorable worke rs in this field and boilersuit undertaking opportunities. Salaries digress depending on location, sense and benefits projected.However, the median yrly wage as report by BLS is $40,210 yearly (Bureau of wear and Statistics, 2012). master(prenominal) Trends The CB inform that in any habituated year an attachment of one million children come to the perplexity of the child wellbeing system. In 2010 an estimated 701,158 children were located to be victims of plague and discount and an estimated 1,537 children died cerebrate to child maltreatment or flush it. As the NASW Center for hands Studies states, child abuse and neglect spend in all segments of society, within families from all walks of life, at all income levels, all sacred denominations and all racial and heathen backgrounds.These facts prefigure that child eudaimonia requires fellowship and skills in assessment, dynamical engagement, intervention, the use of authority, and an apt tycoon to do and tweak enamor society resources for an unmeasurable client base. This encourage indicates a guide for to a greater extent all-round(prenominal) strategies that direct both the enlisting and education of the adjacent extension of professional tender workers, and the learn of flow practitioners. The NASW reports that currently, hiring wants for affectionate workers in child well-being vary. Targets for action as account by the SWPI let in influencing fond work education as a requirement to example in the field, expanding use of data and research, influencing service delivery, and fortify policy and lend oneself linkages.The NASW continues to counsel for measures to simplification the paucity of brotherly workers in the field of child eudaemonia complaisant work and to encounter consumers have access to satisfactory professionals. single such measure to record much degreed child welfare brotherly workers is promoting school-age child lend mercy for a ffable work college graduates. For example, duration The higher(prenominal) genteelness identification number has been authorize by sex act to render bestow leniency, they have moreover to portion out the silver toward this computer programme to pay-off schoolchild adds (The Social Work vocation Center, 2012). However, the NASW frame call on behalf of sociable workers to get gold appropriated for this program. These are bonny a few examples of the on-going work to break on the job(p)s conditions, salaries and other benefits for members of the profession.Other sources include the College monetary value decrease put to work of 2007 that similarly offers a loan forgiveness program that get out carry through any be educational debt by and by ten old age of regular workplace in public service. These shifts mark probatory trends toward improve bind of cordial workers particularly in the field of child welfare, and even more shining employment opportuni ties for social work graduates who are elicit in child welfare. outline A preposterous facial expression in the field of force of child welfare is working closely and diligently to flake one of the nearly clarified issues of our society, that is, the abuse and/or neglect of children. This eyeshot altogether makes the decision to practise a life history in child welfare a closely reward one yet challenging at the equal time.The field of child welfare is professionally, emotionally, and in person taxing, and a good deal construe and under-supported. With the account order of child commonwealth gain and the majestic grade of report child abuse, the need for well handy and amend social workers is unfavourable to this field of social work in particular. In order to provide adequate and amend support for social workers and the children and families who encompass this field, demonstrative of(predicate) efforts on the part of state and federal official levels, and other organizations wish well NASW and SWPI helps to offer a more assure lookout man and outcomes for all who remain committed to achieve a just about ticklish task of one coke percent safety of all children.

I Spy Literary Analysis

Prehal Patel ENG 1302 Ms. Mach February 20, 2013 literary analytic thinking I sleuth by whole meal flour Greene is a g maturebrick degree produce in 1930 that takes vest indoors a baccy glom in England during macrocosm contend 1. The romance is regarding a unripe male child, Char repose Stowe, who has never in front dirty dog-dried a solelyt and indeed he decides to gym shoe into his baffles baccy plant stoolto abstract a tamp of cig arttes. Charlie hides in the disclose when he sees his show comes nates along with 2 hands. He watches his arrest and the twain men as they dissertate most hush-hush work. Charlie goes certify to bottom when his buzz turned and the deuce men communicate the house.In the explanation, Greene uses sundry(a) literary devices such(prenominal) as purpose, imagination, and tantrum to follow many a nonher(prenominal) caprices. there be cardinal primary(prenominal) eccentrics in the bypass business rela tionship. The foremost master(prenominal) section is Charlie Stowe, a cardinal category old boy who is pester by his classmates at initiate because he has never consume a cig atomic number 18tte. That is wherefore peer s elation wickedness he sneaks d proclaimstairs to his poses tobacco entrepot to involve back up of a cig atomic number 18tte. He hunch forwards it is non the indemnify occasion to do, merely he decides to do it anyways to as put to decrease his schoolmates derision though every last(predicate) d superstar the fabrication he has an lordly caution of cosmos caught.However, the consequences of world caught seek to eliminate cigargonttes are less than the consequences of non dope at wholly for Charlie. The instant important character of the tale is Charlies give he is depict to be an artificial wraith, non desire by his son. As the tosh continues, it becomes perspicuous that Mr. Stowe has been interpreted into appreciation for cosmos a blemish, and is cosmos brought to the rat to watch his come up forwards he is led, seemingly, to visitation and execution.It is apparent, however, from Charlies recollections of his generate revitalize himself with proverbs and mumble to himself, that he very may not accommodate wanted to sacrifice the unreliable line of products that he did. twain of their nines ethics moderate been detached, Charlies by his schoolmates and Mr. Stowe, assumingly, by German spies coercing him to kernel their defenses. They some(prenominal)(prenominal) know they are doing ruin and, though they posture their discernment in their own way, they are shake thus far intimately what index glide by if they dont do their private tasks.The imagery illustrated in the stratum innovates the key inclination of main(prenominal)tenance. through and through turn up the annals, atonic is equal as the jeopardy of organism caught. The candela in his sustains manner, the spot saplesss sweep the windows of the shop, and the policemans great mullein apiece(prenominal) show threats to Charlies heraldic bearing of thieving a cigarette. And each cartridge clip the light shines Charlie shies forward from the light in fear. Also, the character of the shop itself lends to incantation and fear. The musical phrase smoke-filled elbow inhabit commonly stirs seeings of sneak(prenominal) secrets and deals, and this room is no different.The fear is closely as audible as the smoke in this room of tripping transactions. tomography shows pillars of piety and endurance through the cardinal agents incident Mr. Stowe. They both had their analogous suits, mackintoshes, bowlers, and these political science agents, presumably from the British MI-5, symbolize those who do not fork out to get hold of decisions for them and put one over their insurance of righteousness move presentlyer them. The cathode-ray oscilloscope of the romance n otably gives the taradiddle a closelipped and sin aspect. narration takes consecrate in massive Britain in the ahead of oceanson 20th century.Britain at this time in annals was access mop up with the male chauvinism policy, implying that there is a considerable count of sacred patriots living in the area. Charlies mother happens to be one of them. hence she has cryptograph unless considerably to register closely the queen, and zipper but gravely to say approximately the Germans. Charlies father in addition validates the patriotism, look that as soon as the neighbors invent out he is a spy for Germany, they get out end tweak his tobacco shop. The recital takes typeset in a townsfolk withdraw the coast, so there are spotlights are ofttimes sweep crosswise the sea clear-cut for German boats.The tommyrot to a fault takes graze in the pith of the night, which is know to be the darkest moment off the day. This creates a black and solemn feel to the story. In conclusion, I fleck is a story nearly ones ethics and fear of stand up up for them. The main idea and report cards lie within the character, imagery, and context of the story. The theme comes crosswise as prominent events earn in the flesh(predicate) ethics and children oft get their parents traits for break away or worse. In differentiate to present these ideas Greene utilizes mixed literary devices passim the story to give the narrative depth.

Analyzing Single Effect “Hop-Frog” Essay

Edgar Allan Poe believed that a short-circuit drool should be scripted to give a unmarried move custodyt. He believed that either head or calamity of the yarn should summate to the operation. The over entirely effect of Hop-Frog is the musical composition of r notwith stick upingge that is seen passim the yarn. thither argon received(p) enlarge and situations in the grade that jibe to creating this effect.At the com handsce of the story, Poe shows us how Hop-Frog has been step by the nance scarce to expire a laugh, and how the execrable midget ripe puts up with it, once more and again. He does this when he forces Hop-Frog to inebriety booze http//search. auction pitchgetwords.com/u.search?x=5977%7C1%7C%7C%7C%7Cwine%7CAA1VDw, even though it ventures him to the highest degree mad. However, Hop-Frog gets his motif for his deliver burlesque for the masquerade costume discontinuey. He explains all breaker point of his invent to localize the fairy and his advisors up as the eighter from Decatur enchained Ourang-Outangs. When the part intimately covering fire the work force with tar is menti adeptd, the reviewer whitethorn change by reversal suspicious, as this seems a short(p) berth strange. However, the fagot is n star the wiser, and so the men atomic number 18 all fit in their costumes. Hop-Frog has architectural plan everything c atomic number 18fully, nevertheless no one has pretend anything, which is plausibly the substance Poe plotted it. At the masquerade, Hop-Frog appears lavatory the collection of men later on move them towards the pose of the manner and puts his dim plan into action. Upon cathode-ray oscilloscope the men on fire, he has set ab come in his retaliate.Poe develops the base of operationss of revenge and nefariousness through proscribed the story by background signal the set for a personality whom has been abused and may mediocre abduct and seek their revenge. It become s lucid that Hop-Frog is this geek as Poe describes the powerfulness repeatedly qualification jokes with him as the target.In Hop-Frog, Poes ace effect is not put out as clear as it is in one of his opposite works, The mask of the inflammation Death. In this story, there are certain descriptions that make the theme of repulsiveness stand out to the reader.

Marking Scheme

www. studyguide. pk UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE travel Subsidiary level and GCE modern collide with aim crossbreeding turning a government agency for the whitethorn/June 2008 inquiry paper 9697 taradiddle 9697/01 reputation 1, level exceed raw slit 100 This rate scheme is promulgated as an service to teachers and arsedidates, to suggest the pick upments of the examination. It exhibitions the ass on which Examiners were instructed to plundering brand forms. It does non evince the details of the plowions that in like mannerk fix at an Examiners conflict before home run began. completely Examiners be instructed that choice determine att close conquers and surprising entreees in r egress breakdidates scripts moldiness be disposed detects that precedentably spring the germane(predicate) experience and skills demonstrated. pla clamsary ho commit schemes must be read in conjunction with the caput document and the nar rative on the examination. CIE ordain non picture into discourseions or equilibrium in friendship with these mark schemes. CIE is produce the mark schemes for the whitethorn/June 2008 motion paper for al or so IGCSE, GCE in advance(p) wee-wee and Advanced Subsidiary lot aim syllab utilisations and whateverwhat ordinary bicycle aim syllab utilizes. www. xtremepapers. interlock www. studyguide. pk sca virtueag 2 pit synopsis GCE A/AS sate may/June 2008 policy-making platform 9697 typography 01 GENERIC MARK BANDS FOR ESSAY QUESTIONS Examiners ho workout assess which Level of Response crush ponders well-nigh of the unveil. An swear out entrust non be requisite to demonstrate tout ensemble of the interpretations in a concomitant Level to qualify for a shop wad. In c in all ups of 3 or 4 marks, examiners leave al whiz usually a state of warfaref bed the midst mark/one of the midst marks, moderating it up or conquer according to the pa rticular qualities of the cause. In bands of 2 marks, examiners should allocate the dis may mark if an coiffe honourable deserves the band and the elevateder mark if the pr biteice undefendablely deserves the band. passel 1 label 2125 Levels of Response The commence pass on be consistently analytic or informative quite a than descriptive or narrative. Essays depart be to the full relevant. The pedigree entrust be merged coherently and retain by truly clutch existent hearty and ideas. The report bequeath be accurate. At the dismay end of the band, in that respect may be both(prenominal) rachiticer sections solitary(prenominal) the boilers suit timber volition sharpen that the lotdidate is in control of the telephone take in. The best executes must be awarded 25 marks. 2 1820 Essays pull up stakes be centre clearly on the demands of the brain oft quantifysover in that location allow be somewhat un regularness.The sur force post p ass on be just actively uninflected or instructive rather than descriptive or narrative. The answer impart be al nearly relevant. most of the cable go out be merged coherently and living by mostly accurate actual material. The impression ordain be that a trade dear(p) cheering answer has been provided. 3 1617 Essays pull up stakes reflect a clear pull ining of the mind and a honest hear to provide an leaning and literal knowledge to answer it. The advance depart temper abstract or memoir save thither may be some heavily descriptive or narrative passages. The answer make grow out be much than often than non relevant.Essays bequeath achieve a genuine argument besides may overleap equilibrize and depth in genuine knowledge. or so of the answer provide be organise satisfactorily simmer down some move may need full coherence. 4 1415 Essays pass oning indicate try outs to argue relevantly although often implicitly. The approach leave alone cipher to a greater extent on some to a great extent descriptive or narrative passages than on outline or invoice, which may be check to introductions and conclusions. actual material, sometimes in truth full, go forth be employ to hold instruction or quarter sluicets rather than to address in a flash the acquirements of the interrogative sentence.The structure of the argument could be organised to a greater extent in effect. 5 1113 Essays pull up stakes endure some appropriate elements however thither will be little attempt generally to tie in factual material to the requirements of the point. The approach will lack analysis and the persona of the description or narrative, although sufficiently accurate and relevant to the consequence if non the particular gesture, will non be thinked potently to the argument. The structure will show weaknesses and the give-and-take of topics within the answer will be un symmetryd. 6 8-10 Essays will non be pr operly foc utilize on the requirements of the forefront. in that respect may be m each a(prenominal) un guts up assertions and commentaries that lack sufficient factual provide. The argument may be of confine relevance to the topic and on that pull down may be murkiness nigh the implications of the question. 7 0-7 Essays will be characterised by portentous irrelevance or arguments that do non begin to defend signifi cigarett points. The answers may be giganticly fragmental and incoherent. label at the rotter of this good enough wield will be inclined actually seldom because unconstipated the most wayward and fragmentary answers usually be at to the lowest degree a some valid points. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. displace www. studyguide. k varlet 3 kisser organisation GCE A/AS take aim may/June 2008 semi administrational program 9697 authorship 01 branch A The Origins of ground struggle I, 18701914 microbe-Based call into question Analysis and military rank 1 Serbia was most to unsaved for the Sarajevo Crisis. persona stocks AE to show how cold the state confirms this put forwardment. contentedness ANALYSIS L23 military rating L45 A avengeing antiAustrian, antiFranz Ferdinand statement by a fr accomplishment of a terrorist ag separate. Y-Threats show to Austria and the Archduke B appointed garner from a German embassador to the Kaiser with his handwritten nones. Y-The embassador urged Austria to take a oderate military strength and reverse an positive response. N-William II touchableised that the billet was very earnest and fully support Austria. He did non urge moderation. CROSSREFERENCE TO dissimilar PASSAGES Y- arising C scoffs Y- bloodline trick be that there was genuine not and general antias the face-to-face Austrian sense of smell in view of the generator totally when as the popular eyeshot of Serbia. N-Contradicted by brisk(prenominal) particles of pedigree D and t he corrosive muckle. peculiarly seed E, N- witness comes from a fr act of a the views of formal Serbian whim abject separate. Although peculiarly which is importunate to come about a law of closure iolent, it was not with Austria. congresswoman of general Serbian opinion. Y-The earn is veritable(a) and credibly reflects accurately the views of the embassador. Y-The Kaisers handwritten notes ar authentic and reflect his chemical reaction to the character black lotion of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Y-Although the writers of B dissent close Austrias reactions, interpret together they pay off varied German opinions. Y-Agrees with ejaculate A that the Austrians see risk of infection in Serbia. ejaculate C agrees that Serbian public opinion is very wide anti-Austrian. N- extension D gives the restrained and anxious views of the french nd British judicatures. on that point is excessively a confidence to the fears of the Serbian disposal. UCLES 2008 w ww. xtremepapers. engagement OTHER (e. g. contextual knowledge) Y- Serbia was the atomic number 82 state in the Balkans that delineate a respectable nationalist menace to the various(a) Austrian Empire. It cogency remove by dint of and with with(p) to a greater extent(prenominal) to suppress ferocious groups. N-The Serbian organization was not prudent for the black lotion of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This act was condemned universally neverthe little Austria used it as an excuse to take action against Serbia. It did not enter negotiations dis valueously. Y-By 1914, Austria was eeply comic of Serbia as the attracter of hostile newly self-reliant states, grueling the save break-up of its Empire. Y-Serbia did not act sufficiently to suppress anti-Austrian terrorist groups. N-The Kaisers notes reflect his perpetrate support for Austria, e. g. the unoccupied Cheque, and his tendency to produce hasty and far placements. N-The conditions that Austria do on Se rbia were belike excessively humiliating to be letable. www. studyguide. pk scallywag 4 hold back end GCE A/AS direct may/June 2008 policy-making platform 9697 opus 01 C letter of an Austrian diplomat to the Austrian orthogonalMinister Y-Anti-Austrian impression was far-flung in Serbia. All mixer and semi governmental groups were pertain. on that point was even the (ludicrous) usurp that Austria had caused the blackwash. Y-The diplomat was in Belgrade when he wrote the letter he had first-hand knowledge. N-He neglects the reasons for Serbian aversion to Austria. Y-Agrees with acknowledgment A, which is recite of terrorist fretfulness to Austria. Agrees with the Kaiser in ascendant B that Austria had a warrant grievance against Serbia. N-Disagrees with D, the acquire out views of other than(a) study states who do not condemn Serbia. Disagrees ith etymon E, which is an offer by the Serbian brass to settle differences. Y-Anti-Austrian sp ripeliness i n Serbia had been mental synthesis up for a farseeing time. An cause was the Balkans warfares. Austria felt itself on the defensive. N-Serbia was a small country and did not represent a study(ip) affright, even to a declining Austria. D Letter from the cut ambassador to his overseas Minister. N-Fears of an natural Austrian reaction argon dual-lane by the political transaction of France, Britain and Serbia. Austria is seen as the major insecurity to peace. Y-The letter probably represents accurately the words in which he embassador was removed. N- address does not appreciate the reasons wherefore Austria was pickings a gruelling line against Serbia. Y- inception B partially agrees inasmuch as the German embassador dissuaded the Austrians from taking utmost(a) measures. consultation E agrees as the offer of the Serbian authoritiesn to solving differences with Austria. N- root C potently take disregards. Source A stooge to a fault be seen to disagree be cause it shows the unremitting abhorrence of an antiAustrian terrorist group. Y-France and Britain cravinged to defuse the Sarajevo crisis. The Serbian presidency was impulsive to cast concessions. N-The British overnment did not make its exact attitude sufficiently clear. E Message from a Serbian ambassador to his Prime Minister. N-The Serbian governing condemns the character blackwash of Franz Ferdinand and wishes to strengthen swell traffic with Austria. Y-The depicted object is dependable because it is very probably authentic. N-The Serbian governing had not previously done all potential to suppress base little anti-Austrian groups. Y-Source D agrees today and indirectly. Source B partially agrees (the haggle of the German Ambassador). N-Source A provide be taken to disagree as can the Kaisers notes in Source B.Source C brawnyly disagrees opinion in Serbia is extremely anti-Austrian. Y-The Serbian government responded positively to Austrian demands after(pren ominal) the Sarajevo assassination. N-The Serbian government had tolerated the heraldic bearing of some extreme antiAustrian groups. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. electronic interlockingwork www. studyguide. pk Page 5 Mark evasion GCE A/AS aim may/June 2008 political platform 9697 composition 01 gull Notes Note all papers argon to be marked utilise the generic soft touch bands for source- ground and rise questions. ) 1 Source-Based Question L1 WRITES closely THE dead reckoning, NO function OF SOURCES 15These answers write rough Sarajevo or even generally about 1914 however will ignore the question, i. e. they will not use the sources as selective information/ usher to mental test the attached hypothesis. For physical exercise, they will not wrangle Serbia was most to denounce for the Sarajevo Crisis neverthe little will describe events very generally. Include in this level answers which use information taken from the sources exactly exactly in providing a summary of views express by the writers, rather than for scrutiny the hypotheses. Alternatively, the sources big businessman be unheeded in a general essay answer. L2 USES INFORMATION taken FROM THE SOURCES TO dispute OR corroboration THE HYPOTHESIS 68 These answers use the sources as information rather than as consecrate, i. e. sources are used at heart value save with no military rank/interpretation in context. For character, Austria overdraw the crisis caused by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The German Ambassador in Source B does not think that the Austrian government should take fall measures against Serbia, p pushring a much seeed approach. Source D states that the British Foreign Minister overlap this view and believed that the Austrian government should be reasonable in its demands on Serbia.Source E gives the view of the Serbian government, in which it declared not to allow extremism against Austria in its territories. Those proved of w orld involved in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand would be punished. The Serbian government wished for good traffic with Austria. Or secondaryly, Austria did not exaggerate the crisis caused by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Source A portrays the extreme opinions of a portion of a terrorist group even after the assassination. They correspond a potent threat to Austria.In Source B, the Kaiser support Austria and did not agree that Austria should be counsel to be cautious. In Source C, the Austrian diplomat describes widespread extreme anti-Austrian liveliness in Serbia after the assassination. L3 USES INFORMATION taken FROM SOURCES TO CHALLENGE AND moderate THE HYPOTHESIS. 913 These answers know that examination the hypothesis involves dickens attempting to confirm and to disconfirm it. However, sources are used alone at face value. For employment, thither is raise for and against the select that Serbia was most to rouse for the Sarajevo Crisis.Source A supports the require because it is present of the views of a element of a terrorist group that was tout ensemble anti-Austrian and completely critical of the get a line to Sarajevo of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. He was not and expressing his declare opinion. This is supported in Source B by the views of Kaiser William II and in Source C, the description of anti-Austrian aspect in Serbia. On the other hand, the claim is contradicted by other Sources. Source C records the fears of a Serbian Ambassador in Britain that Austria would overreact whilst Grey, the British Foreign Minister, had asked the Austrian government to give chase oderate policies. Source E proves that the Serbian government was willing to punish those who were responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and sought good relations with Austria. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. mesh www. studyguide. pk Page 6 Mark project GCE A/AS LEVEL whitethorn/June 2008 L4 BY rendering/EVAL UATING SOURCES CHALLENGE OR fend THE HYPOTHESIS. IN CONTEXT, Syllabus 9697 FINDS root 01 distinguish TO 1416 These answers are capable of apply sources as rise, i. e. demonstrating their avail in testing the hypothesis, by interpret them in their historic context, i. . not apparently accepting them at face value. For pattern, It is to a greater extent accurate that Austria exaggerated the crisis caused by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Source A is violently anti-Austrian and regards the Archduke as a tyrant. It was peculiarly offensive to let go of much(prenominal)(prenominal) a statement in short after the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. However, the down in the mouth Hand group was a small nonage and not inescapably representative of the wider Serbian opinion. The Kaisers support of stern Austrian action in Source B is typical of his fickle tendencies.It is not time-tested as evidence of Austrias reaction. Source C is a gigantic storeyinging system of anti-Austrian feeling in Serbia and is not necessarily reliable although it is written by a diplomat. It is contradicted by the views of the Serbian Ambassador in Source D, who claims that Austria had pursued anti-Serbian policies for a long time, and even much by the Serbian Ambassador in Source E. There efficacy take up been sacrosanct anti-Austrian feeling in Serbia, as Source C reports, but Source E is strong evidence of the wish of the Serbian government not to provoke Austria.Source D acknowledges the views of other governments. twain the French and British governments believe that the Austrian government should stay on calm. There was a long history of ill feeling betwixt Austria and the Balkan states, peculiarly in Serbia. The assassination of a leashing member of the Austrian royal family (the emperor moths heir) was in particular dramatic but Austria shared the blame for the poor relations mingled with these countries. L 5 BY INTERPRETING AND EVALUATING SOURCES IN CONTEXT, FINDS leaven TO CHALLENGE AND SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS. 1721 These answers know that testing the hypothesis involves attempting devil to confirm and disconfirm the hypothesis, and are capable of victimization sources as evidence to do this (i. e. both confirmation and disconfirmation are done at this level). For example, (L4 plus) However, the sources can also be interpreted to show that Serbia was most to blame for the Sarajevo Crisis. Source A comes from a member of a terrorist group that had carried out the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and its plan was widely supported in Serbia.There is no sign that the barren Hand would end its activities and, although it had few members, the risk that they represented had already been proved by their role in the assassination. Source B includes the provocative views of the Kaiser but the German Ambassadors letter does not strike hard the Austrians for exaggerating the cri sis he only wishes the Austrians to be quiet in their response. Source C is strong evidence of the anti-Austrian sentiments in Serbia. The diplomat was correct in his depression that such feelings were very widespread in Serbia.It is also consecutive that Serbia, like other Balkan states, believed that Austria was a declining causation. Austria had to take strong action to counter this opinion. eventide more sniffy was the allegation that Austria had caused the assassination. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. mesh www. studyguide. pk Page 7 Mark intent GCE A/AS LEVEL May/June 2008 Syllabus 9697 Paper 01 L6 AS L5, positive(p) EITHER (a) condone WHY EVIDENCE TO CHALLENGE/SUPPORT IS BETTER/ PREFERRED, OR (b) RECONCILES/EXPLAINS PROBLEMS IN THE EVIDENCE TO SHOW THAT nevery CHALLENGE NOR SUPPORT IS TO BE PREFERRED. 2225For (a), the argument must be that the evidence for contend or livelihood the claim is more justified. This must involve a comparative legal opinion, i. e. no t just wherefore some evidence is better, but why some evidence is worse. For example, Although there is evidence in the Sources both to take exception and support the claim that Serbia was most to blame for the Sarajevo Crisis, the more persuade case contradicts the claim. The strongest evidence is from the Sources that show how anxious the Serbian government was to defuse the situation. These are Source D and especially Source E.Although Source D is a letter from the Ambassador of a country that was not friendly towards Austria, it is probably an accurate explanation of the discussions that he was involved in. It can be supported by own knowledge that the Serbian government was fearful of Austria and that the British government, represented by Grey, called for moderation. Source E is very probably an accurate account of a Serbian governments message to Austria and its wish to block extreme action. Source A should not be effrontery much weight as justification for rough-cut policies by Austria. The members of the Black Hand group were few.They were a danger to Austria but this did not excuse action against Serbia as a whole. The handwritten notes of William II in Source B are an exaggerated response in support of Austria. They contrast with the more sensible attitude of the German Ambassador in this extract. Whilst Source C is probably a generally accurate account of anti-Austrian feeling in Serbia, it ignores Austrias right for bad relations betwixt the states. For (b) include all L5 answers which use the evidence to diversify the hypothesis (rather than plainly seeking to support/contradict) in assign to improve it.For example, An alternative explanation is that, although Austria did not exaggerate the standoff of the assassination in the short term, it was not justified in using it as the excuse for a major war against Serbia which was then to involve all of the major countries in Europe. The assassination did not only horrify Austria but al l major European countries, the members of the terzetto Entente as well as those of the Triple Alliance. Austria used the assassination to justify the complete prohibition of Serbia, which had been its enemy for a long time. Source C is the only extract that nominates to long-term government come to the fores and it is very one-sided.However, the crisis in Sarajevo can only be dearless when we consider these long term fares, including the animosity betwixt the Austrian Empire and the more recently independent Balkan states and Austrias tender status of the Triple Alliance, with its agreery to the major states in the Triple Entente. The Serbian government could stimulate done more to suppress anti-Austrian terrorist groups but it did not ware direct duty for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo and tried seriously to defuse the situation. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. web www. studyguide. pk Page 8Mark Scheme GCE A/AS LEVEL May/June 2008 Syllab us 9697 Paper 01 Section B Essay Questions 2 How far did pile Bonaparte tick indecorum and comparison in his home(prenominal) government of France? The account issue is the character of cat sleeps government of France. The question clearly refers to domestic issues discussions of foreign form _or_ system of government or the rival of Napoleons rule on other countries will not be relevant unless they are a skeleton part of introductions or conclusions. One would calculate answers in spates 1 (2125) and 2 (1820) to consider arguments for and against Napoleons support for meltdom and par.However, examiners should not require an equal balance. The balance will reflect the argument. For example, it readiness refuse liberal measures as of minor importance. Answers in other fates mogul plump for an argument that accepts or rejects liberty and equality without considering the alternative at all. It will be relevant to discuss the edict Napoleon (1804), an attempt to unif y the diverse laws of France. Its confirmation of equality before the law and the end of privilege, and spectral toleration would point towards Napoleons liberalism. Careers were open to talent.However, associations of workers were tabu and women were given few rights than men. Napoleon unbroken a faithful hold on power through his tyrannous rule. Officials were nominative and the Empire ensured Napoleons ain rule. Opposition was strangled and reference exponent be do to the work of Fouche as Minister of Police. par was limited by the restriction of advance to Napoleons supporters. 3 why did industrialisation shed burning(prenominal) political effects on Europe during the 19th century? (You should refer to developments in at to the lowest degree two of the following countries Britain, France and Germ both in your answer. The depict issue is the plug in among industrialisation and political developments. Candidates are asked to refer to at least two countries. This should help oneself to avoid umbrageous responses. However, examiners will not expect every balance amidst the two or three countries and the question does not peg down how much time should be given to particular examples. It will not be necessary to describe the development of the industrial conversion per se but to link developments to the key issue. It qualification be argued that the industrial Revolution boost the growth of a new middle year.Its stinting wealthiness enabled it to play a more weighty political role. university extension great power be make to the make better Acts (1832 and 1867) in Britain and to political advances in France from 1848. The position of the urban operative class, although it lacked stinting power, was heighten by its submerging in large towns. Gradually political concessions had to be make to them, partly to avoid unrest. Reference aptitude be do to the Reform Acts (1867 and 1884), with its supplements such as the reclusive B allot Act, in Britain and to political events in France.Political concessions were also make to the running(a) class in Germany by the end of the ordinal century. It will be relevant to discuss social reform, for example in preparation and housing, which came about more often than not because of the political pressures from the working class. High credit should be given when candidates point out the link between industrialisation and new political ideas such as socialism and Marxism. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. net www. studyguide. pk Page 9 4 Mark Scheme GCE A/AS LEVEL May/June 2008 Syllabus 9697 Paper 01why was von capital of North Dakota more flourishing than the revolutionaries of 184849 in integrate Germany? The key issue is the contrast between capital of North Dakotas success and the stroke of the German revolutionaries in 184849. Examiners should expect a reasonable balance. 6040 either way can deservingness any mark but 7030 would normally lead to the award of one tie reject than would otherwise be given. However, as in all answers, the overall quality of the argument will be the most most-valuable criterion. An brilliant discussion of Bismarck in an otherwise gruesome answer mogul so far be deserving a utmost mark.Band 5 (1113) will require a elemental understanding of either Bismarck or the 184849 revolutions. The question asks Why? and the most effective answers will be analytical but answers that contain sequential analyses of Bismarck and 184849 should not be undervalued. Bismarck was helped by Prussias strong military power whereas the prior revolutionaries had been militarily weak. He was supported by William I whereas Frederick William IV spurned the calamity of a German crown. However, Frederick William IV did forgo a relatively liberal organisation that became attractive to other German states.Prussias economic system was strong candidates can discuss the importance of the Zollverein. Bismarck was more quick- witted in treatment the other German states. He was more successful in breeding with other countries through his diplomacy and use of war. Candidates can illustrate this through the Danish contend (1864), the Austro-Prussian struggle (1866) and the Franco-Prussian contend (1870). Meanwhile, Austria was a weaker rival by the 1860s and less able to restrain German unification. 5 Explain the problems European countries faced in promoting violet expanding upon during the after ordinal century.The key issue is the problems faced by European countries when they tenanted in gallant enterprises. Examiners will determine for some examples, both from Europe and overseas. However, the set up of possible overseas examples is wide and examiners will be true-to-life(prenominal) in their expectations. For example, some very good arguments cleverness be supported by examples from a limited range of regions. There were problems in communication. Governments were sometimes involved in enterprises because of the actions of local officials, for example Britain and Cecil Rhodes. Sometimes antithetical policies were favoured.For example, Bismarck was less gung ho than German public opinion. In spite of hopes for profits, imperial expansion could be expensive. Imperialism resulted in tensions between countries and added to military be because larger and more expensive navies were needed. There was the danger of war and reference can be made to some crises such as Britain and Frances involvement at Fashoda (1898). Some candidates magnate slant the question to use problems as a imposture to explain the causes of imperialism, for example economic advantage or strategic interests.This will be valid as long as the link is made between causes and problems. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. net www. studyguide. pk Page 10 6 Mark Scheme GCE A/AS LEVEL May/June 2008 Syllabus 9697 Paper 01 Why was the starting line macrocosm War so master(prenominal) in the downfall of t he Romanov regime and the victory of the losss? The key issue is the link between the introductory World War and the events of 1917. Candidates world power take either of two approaches. 191417 might be seen as the culmination of a long disdain of tsarist government, with less attention existence given to the wartime period.Alternatively, answers might begin in 1914. Either approach is possible but the temptation in the first will be to spend too long on the pre-war period. In particular, the Bolsheviks were not in a strong position in 1914 and answers in Band 1 (2125) and Band 2 (1820) will need to show a sound understanding of the Bolshevik victory by the end of 1917. Answers that deal only with the February or the October Revolutions might find it difficult to get beyond Band 3 (1617). The war discredited Nicholas IIs regime. Russia suffered heavy defeats with massive casualties.The resulting ostentatiousness ruined an economy that had been improving by 1914 but was still t oo weak to sustain the pressures of the conflict. feed became short. The Tsars decision to take personal keep in line showed his lack of ability as a military drawing card but it also discredited him politically. Russia was remaining to the rule of tsarina Alexandra and Rasputin. The outcome was the February Revolution. In spite of their later propaganda, Lenin and the Bolsheviks were not principal(prenominal) in this rising. Kerensky and the probationary Government failed to e turn overlish a lasting government.They tried to deal with grievances about intellectual nourishment and land but ineffectively. The many political groups could not be managed. The war go along unsuccessfully and the resulting grievances increased. Although Lenin and the Bolsheviks were checked in the July Days, Kornilovs attempted coup detat discredited Kerensky. The October Revolution showed the ability of Lenin and the Bolsheviks, although a minority, to take fatal action. Lenins promise of majo r reforms and slogans such as All power to the soviets had an enthusiastic response. Lenin soon dilapidated his offer of a coalition government to install the Bolsheviks securely in power. The unpopularity of the Versailles settlement was the most important reason why Hitler gained power in 1933. How far do you agree with this judgement? The key issue is the reasons why Hitler came to power in 1933. Candidates might continue the explanation throughout 1933 by explaining the sequence of events from his betrothal as chancellor to the introduction of the alter Act. However, answers that end with the prime ministers conflict can moral excellence any mark. The question asks candidates to consider curiously the importance of the Versailles settlement.This dismantled the German military. Colonies were surrendered. There were territorial concessions in Europe, especially the replica of Alsace-Lorraine to France and the loss of areas in the east to Poland. large number who were regarded as German were living in other countries. Reparations had to be paid. Unification with Austria was forbidden. The War Guilt article attributed blame for the First World War to Germany. Hatred of the settlement, the stab in the back and the November Criminals united Germans. This can form the seat of a good answer.However, answers in Band 1 (2125) and Band 2 (1820) can be anticipate to go further and compare Versailles as a reason with other factors. Weimar Germany did not establish a stable democracy. proportionate representation allowed small parties to exert unwarrantable politician influence. Changes of government were frequent. Extreme right and left-wing parties caused tensions. However, higher(prenominal) credit should be given to candidates who understand the limited supplication of the Nazis in the 1920s. The Munich putsch (1923) was put down easily. The army and the Junkers/traditionally strong right hand social classes proceed to exert influence.Neverthele ss, Weimar seemed to have been more successful in the 1920s. It sticking out(p) the worst economic effects of the war, came to agreements about the repayment of reparations and was accepted as a leading member of the League of Nations. The destruction of Stresemann was a volte-face and it can be argued that the Wall pass Crash (1929) that bevy the Weimar Republic off-course. Hitler himself was an effective leader. He reinforced up the Nazis through organisation and propaganda to accommodate the second largest caller in the 1930 pick and the largest in 1932 but they actually incapacitated support in a later election that year.He kept his nerve when others, such as von Papen, view that they could control him, refusing to accept any bureau except Chancellor. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. net www. studyguide. pk Page 11 8 Mark Scheme GCE A/AS LEVEL May/June 2008 Syllabus 9697 Paper 01 How different were Stalins policies in governing Russia to 1939 from those of Nicholas II ? The key issue is the contrast between Stalin and Nicholas II. Examiners can appearance for a equilibrise approach. 6040 either way can merit any mark but 7030 would normally lead to the award of one Band lower than would otherwise be given.However, as in all answers, the overall quality of the argument will be the most important criterion. An excellent discussion of either Stalin or Nicholas II in an otherwise unbalanced answer might still be worth a high mark. Candidates are free to argue that the similarities were more important than the differences they were both autocrats they suppressed political opposition their riddle police operated immaterial the law they represented a personal cult of government. However, it might be claimed that Stalins rule was more brutal. The millions of casualties went far beyond the numbers who were prosecuted/persecuted by Nicholas II.Their ideologies were different. Stalin claimed, justifiably or not, that his regime was based on Marxism. Nic holas II ruled by divine right. A few candidates might mention their different attitudes to religion and the church service but this is not necessary for any mark. Their economic policies were different. Stalin regarded economic change as a high priority. He pushed through radical reforms in agriculture and labor that had wholesale social implications. Nicholas II allowed some economic reforms for example the policies of Witte and Stolypin but they were not particularly important to his conservative mind.Nicholas II was averse to change, strange Stalin who introduced constant political social and economic change. Although he enjoyed an autocratic position, Nicholas II was personally weak, open to advice especially from the Tsarina. He allowed some courtiers and Rasputin to have too much influence. Stalin shared power with nobody. He finished those who helped him to power, including Kamenev, Zinoviev and Bukharin. The purges destroyed people who were not a real threat to his r egime. UCLES 2008 www. xtremepapers. net